North Korea’s perspective on Japan is shifting. On August 4, Kim Yo Jong, Vice Department Director of the Workers’ Party of Korea and sister to supreme leader Kim Jong Un, strongly criticized Japan’s military buildup, warning that Pyongyang could take “additional military steps” in response. What provoked North Korea was the Maritime Self-Defense Force’s test-firing of U.S.-made Tomahawk cruise missiles and Tokyo’s moves to secure long-range strike capabilities.

North Korea characterized these actions as a shift beyond defensive military power, enabling pre-emptive strike capabilities and overseas military operations. Just two days later, on August 6, North Korea launched a missile toward the East Sea. While it cannot be definitively proven that this launch was a direct retaliation for Kim Yo Jong’s warning, the fact that military action followed immediately after the warning certainly warrants attention.